Shortly after the establishment of a government under President George Washington in 1789, Congress established the War Department as a civilian agency to administer the field army under the president (as commander-in-chief) and the Secretary of War as a member of the Cabinet. The Department of War also had responsibility for naval affairs from 1794 until the establishment of the Department of the Navy in 1798.
By the National Security Act of 1947, the Department of the Navy and the Department of War had a new single Secretary imposed over the top of their two previously independent Cabinet secretaries. THE DEPARTMENT OF WAR CHANGED ITS NAME TO THE DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY and split off the Department of the Air Force. The new Cabinet-level department was initially designated the National Military Establishment (NME). In 1949, the NME was renamed the Department of Defense.
On
5 September 2025, President Donald Trump signed an executive order authorizing
"Department of War" and "Secretary of War" as SECONDARY
titles to the main titles of "Department of Defense" and
"Secretary of Defense." The terms must be accommodated by federal
agencies and are ONLY permitted in executive branch
communications, ceremonial settings, and non-statutory documents. ONLY an act
of Congress can legally and formally change the department's name and
secretary's title, so "Department of Defense" and "Secretary of
Defense" remain the ONLY legally official names and titles.

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